Basics of Medical Microbiology

Name: Basics of Medical Microbiology
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Learn about the history and fundamentals of Microbiology.

Created byDr. Sunita Seemanapalli

Last updated 2/2021

English

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What you'll learn

At the end of the course, you would know who are the founding fathers of Microbiology, parts of a light Microscope, and cell culture techniques, In this course, you will learn how to classify microorganisms, how to use the correct nomenclature, the different staining techniques and factors involved in microbial growth
How to use a light microscope
How to do Gram-staining
How to do the streak plate technique for pure bacterial cell isolation
Explain the bacterial growth curve and the log phase

Course content

7 sections • 32 lectures • 4h 46m total length

Introduction for the Course2:02
An overview of the course "Basics in Medical Microbiology".
The History of Microbiology in a Nutshell9:03

A brief history of Microbiology with the contributions of persons such as Zacharias Janssen, Galileo Galilei, Robert Hooke and Anton Van Leeuwenhoek to Microscopy; introduction to the theory of abiogenesis; a look at the life cycle of a fly to better understand the first experiments conducted concerning abiognesis; divergent thoughts concerning vitalism (abiogenesis).
The Debate over Spontaneous Generation - in a Nutshell14:52
Controversy over the Theory of Spontaneous Generation with Francesco Redi and Lazzaro Spalanzani against and John Needham for Spontaneous Generation. The Debate led to a Contest in which Louis Pasteur, through a set of experiments, disproved the theory; an overview of Scientific Inquiry and conclusion.
At length-Prevention, Transmission and Treatment of Diseases11:43

The History of Microbiology at length- A study of the progress made in the knowledge of disease prevention, transmission and treatment, with the contribution of several health care reformers to this progress.
At length-Classical Golden Age-Louis Pasteur9:43

At length-Classical Golden Age (1854-1914) - describes the main contributions of Louis Pasteur to Microbiology (apart from disproving Spontaneous Generation): Fermentation, Pasteurization; formulation of the Germ theory; his work on Silkworm disease, cholera, and on the process of attenuation and its use in vaccination against anthrax and rabies.
At length-Classical Golden Age- Robert Koch and other pioneers11:49

At length-Classical Golden Age (1854-1914)- describes the main contributions of Robert Koch to Microbiology: his work with Anthrax; development of pure cultures; Koch's postulates; responsible for the isolation of the tuberculosis bacillus and of the Cholera bacillus. Also describes the contributions of scientists who worked with viruses, including those of Dimitri Ivanowsky and Walter Reed.
At length- The Second Golden Age8:53

At length-describes the main events during the Second Golden Age (1943-1970) Advancement of Microbial Genetics, providing evidence that DNA is the hereditary material of cells, Knowledge of two cell types: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic, and Mass production of Antibiotics
At length-The Third Golden Age9:26

At length- The Third Golden Age (1971-Present) - main topics: Biotechnology, Antibiotic Resistance, Emergence and Reemergence of Infecitous Diseases, Bioremediation, Bioterrorism, and Microbial Evolution
Conclusion of the History of Microbiology5:01
Conclusion of the History of Microbiology both - in a nutshell and at length.
The History of Microbiology in a nutshell and at length

Characteristics of Life7:55
This lecture focuses on the debate over what constitutes life throughout history, mainly in terms of chemistry, that is, whether organic or inorganic compounds make up living organisms and on the difficulty in defining life. It describes the four basic processes of life found in living organisms. It ends by reviewing the cell theory which states that "all living things are composed of cells". .
Prokaryotes -Characteristics, Taxon and External structures18:07
Explain prokaryotes' lack of a nucleus and organelles. Classify them into bacteria and archaea, and examine external structures such as capsules, slime layers, flagella, and cell walls.
Prokaryotes - Cytoplasmic membrane, Cytoplasm and Internal structures16:34
In this part 2 of the study of Prokaryotes, we will cover the cytoplasmic membrane, which is the interface between the outer and inner environments of the cell, the cytoplasm, and the internal structures of the prokaryotes.
Eukaryotes - Characteristics, Classification, Examples and Structure4:54
Part 1 of the study of Eukaryotes involves a description of the characteristics, classification, examples, structures, in general, of the Eukaryotes.
Eukaryotes - External structures, Cytoplasmic membrane, and Cytoplasm11:06
Part 2 of the study of Eukaryotes involves the description of the external structures, cytoplasmic membrane and cytoplasm of the Eukaryotes.
Eukaryotes - Membranous organelles5:47
Part 3 of the study of Eukaryotes involves the description of the internal structures of the Eukaryotes, namely the membranous organelles.
Eukaryotes - Non-membranous organelles6:19
The final part 4 of the study of Eukaryotes involves the description of the non-membranous organelles that are part of the internal structures of the Eukaryotes.
Viruses8:27
This last lecture, in the section of Characteristics of Cells and Viruses, describes the characteristics of viruses, that distinguish them from cells, the structure and shapes of viruses, and finally the Baltimore classification of viruses.
Characteristics of Cells and Viruses

Comparative sizes11:29
This first lecture in the section of Microscopy introduces the comparative sizes and covers the topics of size measurement system, size comparisons among the different organisms and size comparisons relative to the 3 modes of observation, and the most common size ranges of microbial agents.
Light Microscopy- Use, Definitions, Parts, Image formation and Light pathway6:48
Part 1 of the lecture in Light Microscopy covers the use, definition and parts of the light microscope. It also includes description of image formation and light pathway.
Light Microscopy- Concepts related to Microscopy and other Configurations9:12
This part 2 of the lecture in Light Microscopy describes the main concepts related to microscopy, such as magnification, resolution power and index of refraction, as well as other configurations, apart from light microscopy, such as phase-contrast, dark-field, and fluorescent microscopy.
Scanning Electron Microscopy5:57
Transmission Electron Microscopy3:52
Examine how the transmission electron microscope prepares ultrathin cell sections, stains with heavy metals, and images structures from bacteria to mitochondria at magnifications up to two million times.
Microscopy

Simple staining and Negative staining5:43
Explore simple staining using basic dyes such as methylene blue to stain cells, and negative staining with acidic dyes such as india ink to create dark backgrounds.
Gram-staining7:18
Learn the gram staining technique to distinguish gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by crystal violet, iodine, decolorizer, and safranin, and interpret cell wall differences and morphology.
Acid-fast staining12:11
Explore the acid-fast staining procedure for Nocardia and mycobacteria, using carbol fuchsin and heat, decolorizing with acid alcohol, and counterstaining with methylene blue to reveal pink acid-fast cells.
Staining techniques

Taxonomy12:01
Hierarchical system and Nomenclature6:37
Explore the hierarchical system of classification from domain to species, learn the seven taxonomic ranks, and understand the binomial nomenclature with examples of species, subspecies, and strains.
Phyla in Domains Bacteria and Archea10:18
Explore major phyla in bacteria and archaea, highlighting nitrogen-fixing bacteria and clinical pathogens like Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Borrelia. Examine archaeal extremophiles in hot springs and cold environments.
Classification of Microorganisms

Microbial growth4:39
The lecture describes the microbial growth curve in a batch culture, detailing lag, exponential (log) growth, stationary, and decline phases, with binary fission and doubling time.
Physical and Chemical Factors that affect Microbial Growth11:46
Explains how physical factors like temperature, osmotic pressure, and pH, along with chemical elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace elements, influence microbial growth and oxygen requirements.
Culture Media8:41
Please note that this video does not start until time: 5:12 or so. I am trying to replace with better version soon. This lecture describes the classical way to streak a plate, beginning from one quadrant and turning the plate for each of the other quadrants 2 quadrants of the plate, with the objective of obtaining isolated colonies after incubation.
Microbial Growth and Nutrition

Requirements

Prerequisites: Basic Chemistry and Biology

Description

An Introduction to the study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, with a main emphasis on bacteria. Topics include History of Microbiology, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, Classification, Microscopy, Staining techniques, and Microbial growth and nutrition.

Materials will include PowerPoint presentations, links to videos, and lecture notes. The Course itself is for 5 hours. So, based on the time one can allot to the course, depending on the time constraints, it may take a week to 2 weeks to complete it. The course is structured in such a way that there will be a progression from one concept to the next, although each lesson will be a stand-alone.

It will include laboratory aspects associated with Microbiology such as use of microscopes, Gram-staining technique, streak plate method of bacterial cell isolation. The techniques are explained along with the theory or “reasoning” behind them. This should help one to not only assimilate the subject better but to avoid mistakes in the step-by-step process by recalling the “why” before the “what” for each technique.

Whether you are new to Microbiology, want to refresher course, or want to learn certain basic yet complex concepts, this course aims to deliver quality material which will make learning more engaging and Microbiology a more fascinating subject, especially as it relates to Medicine.

Who this course is for:

This is an introductory Microbiology course. The course will benefit mostly Undergraduate and College level students.
Microbiology Students
Biology Students
Allied Health Sciences Students
Pre-nursing students
Pre-med students

Basics of Medical Microbiology

What you'll learn

Explore related topics

Course content

The History of Microbiology9 lectures • 1hr 23min

Characteristics of Cells and Viruses8 lectures • 1hr 19min

Microscopy5 lectures • 37min

Staining techniques3 lectures • 25min

Classification of Microorganisms3 lectures • 29min

Microbial Growth and Nutrition3 lectures • 25min

Conclusion of the Course1 lecture • 8min

Requirements

Description

Who this course is for: