Basic Electricity and Electronics

In this lesson, I will try to explain you the types of resistors used in almost all electrical and electronic circuits. As in other circuit devices, there are many types of resistors. We will study what these are and how they are used. The unit of the resistors are ohms and they are indicated with the letter R in the circuit.

In this lesson, we will study the variable resistors. Variable resistors are of three types. These are Potentiometers, Trimpot and Rheostat. Let's analyze their structure and how they are used in the circuit.

In our previous lessons we tried to explain how fixed and variable resistors are used in the circuit. Through the examples, we analyzed the basic usage principle of these resistors and what their roles are in the circuit.  And in this lesson, we will analyze the dependent resistors, which is the last lesson of our range of resistors. Dependent resistors are of three types. These are resistors depending on light, temperature and voltage. Now, let’s have a look their structure and how they are used in the circuit.

In this lesson, I will explain you the structure and working principle of the coils which is one of the basic circuit devices of electricity and electronics. Coil is also called as inductor. Unit of the coil is Henry and is denoted by the letter L. In daily life, they are used as toroid, resistance and surface mounting types.

In this lesson, I will explain the structure and working principle of the capacitor without explaining capacitor types. Capacitor is a passive circuit element that is used to store electrical charges for a short time. It is formed by placing an insulating material between two metal materials. It is the indispensable circuit element of electricity and electronics. Unit of the Capacitor is Farad and is denoted by the letter C. Capacitors are examined in two groups as polar and non-polar.

Hi guys! In this lesson, I will explain the types and working principles of mechanical switches used in electrical and electronic circuits. A Switch is a simple device that is used to break a circuit and disturb the flow of electrons.

Switches can be either Mechanical or Electronic. A Mechanical Switch is activated with a physical action; pressing, moving or touching its contacts. An Electronic Switch is activated differently and does not need physical contact; instead it is activated by semiconductors such as transistors. This lesson will focus on Mechanical Style Switches.

This section we will look at the most common types of Mechanical Switches. These are Toggle Switches, Push Button Switches, Rocker Switches, Rotary Switches, Slide Switches and Microswitches to name a few.

In this lesson, I will show you the basics working principle of series-connected circuits in detail. At the end of this lesson, you will have learned how to calculate current and voltage in series-connected circuits.

In this lesson, I will show you the basics working principle of parallel circuits in detail. At the end of this video, you will learn how to calculate current and voltage in parallel circuits. Here, I will show the parallel connection types using resistors in a direct current circuit.

In this lesson, I will explain the working principle of combination (series and parallel) circuits. At the end of this lesson, you will learn how to calculate equivalent resistance, current and voltage in series-parallel connected resistors.

In this lesson, I will explain one of the most important issues that we need to know in order to analyze electrical circuits. Kirchhoff's Laws is one of them. There are two laws, current and voltage. Although it seems very simple, we unfortunately have difficulties in other subjects when we do not learn the basics well. In this video I will explain Kirchhoff Voltage Law. In the next lesson, I will explain the current law.

In this lesson, I will explain the Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which is as important as it is for us to analyze electrical circuits and one of the most important issues we need to know. Let's try to learn this law through the circuit here.

In this lesson, I explained Thevenin's Theorem, one of the circuit analysis methods. We will learn how to do circuit analysis with this theorem through examples. As you can see here, transforming a circuit into a voltage source and a resistor in series with it is known as Thevenin's Theorem. So let's try to learn how to convert a circuit into VTH thevenin voltage and RTH Thevenin equivalent resistance format.

In this lesson, I explained Norton's Theorem, one of the circuit analysis methods. We will learn how to analyze the circuit with this theorem through examples. As you can see here, transforming a circuit into a current source and a resistor parallel to it is known as Norton's Theorem. So let's try to learn how to convert a circuit into IN Norton current and RN Norton equivalent resistance format.

In this lesson, I will explain you in detail the structure and working principle of the diode, the most basic circuit element of electronics.

In this lesson, I will tell you about the diode types, which are indispensable circuit elements of electronics, which are the most basic and simplest of the semiconductor elements, play a very important role in electronic systems, and are used in many electronic applications, from the simplest to the most complex.

00:00 Introductor

00:50 Light Emitting Diode (LED)

01:36 Laser Diode

02:39 Infrared Light Emitting Diode (IR LED)

03:18 Photodiode

04:45 Schottky Diode

05:45 Bridge Diode

06:19 Zener Diode

07:27 Varicap (Varactor) Diode

In this lesson, I will explain to in detail the structure, working principle and places of use of Schottky diode, which we can encounter in communication circuits, power circuits and many other places. At the end of the video, you will have access to a lot of information about this diode. Normal diodes cannot respond to the reversal of the applied voltage at very high frequencies. In other words, they cannot change from a conductive state to an insulating state or from an insulating state to a conductive state. Schottky diodes are produced to be used in computers, RF and rectifier applications that need high switching speed in order to respond to these rapid changes.

In this lesson, I will explain the working principle of the zener diode, which is used for voltage stabilization in electronic circuits. Zener diode is a diode that keeps the voltage applied to its pins constant. When zener diodes are connected to the circuit in the right direction, it works like a normal silicon diode. In other words, they start to flow current after 0.7V. But they are not used that way. They are used in reverse connection to the circuit. When connected in reverse, they do not flow current up to a certain voltage value. This voltage is called break or zener voltage. After the breaking voltage, they start to flow current and the voltage value on them remains constant at the breaking voltage value. In fact, we can say that it is a diode that flows current in both directions. They do the job of a voltage regulator. Their color is usually orange, with a black stripe at the cathode tips. The symbol is like this. Now let's look at some examples to better understand the working principle.

You may know or have heard of transistors such as BJT, MOSFET, JFET, NPN, N-Channel and many more. But you may have trouble distinguishing them. If so, this lesson is for you. At the end of this video, we will basically learn that all three pins circuit elements are not transistors, how transistors are classified and how we can distinguish them.

In this lesson, I will try to explain you the transistor's working principle without touching upon the structure and types of the transistor. A transistor is a circuit element that acts as an amplifying or switching in a circuit. It consists of joining three semiconductors of type-P and type-N. Here I will describe the Bipolar Junction Transistor.

In this lesson, I will explain the working principle of the liquid level indicator circuit, which is an example of a hobby electronic circuit that you can easily install on the breadboard, using only BJT transistor, LED and resistor. This example will be very useful in terms of understanding the working principle of the BJT Transistor for the new learners. This circuit is widely used as hobby electronic circuits. Towards the end of the lesson, I will show the simulation of this circuit on Proteus. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of both transistor's working principle and the use of Proteus.

In this lesson, I will explain the the structure and working principle of JFETs, which are the basis of voltage-controlled field-effect transistors used in electronic circuits switching task. As you can see here, we can study FETs in two main groups. In this lesson I will describe JFET. JFET's abbreviation consists of the initials of the words Junction Field Effect Transistor.

In this lesson, I will explain you the main differences between BJT and JFET transistors used in switching and amplifying in electronic circuits. As a figure, eventhough these transistors are very similar to each other, The fields of their usage and working principles are different. Let's have a look at these differences.

In this lesson, I will explain the basic structure and working principle of MOSFETs used in switching, boosting or power balancing tasks in DC-DC converter circuits, motor driver circuits and many more power electronics circuits. MOSFETs are the most widely used field-effect transistors that operate with voltage control. We can examine FETs in two groups as you can see here. We had a lesson in which I explained JFET before. I will explain the MOSFET in this trouble. The abbreviation of MOSFET comes from the initials of the Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor words.

Hi guys! In this lesson, I will explain the basic structure and working principle of the optocoupler. Optocoupler is a circuit element that can control high currents with low currents without an electrical connection between two circuits and it provides electrical isolation to these two circuits. Thanks to optocouplers, different currents are isolated from each other and flow safely in the same circuit. As you can see in the figure, 4 and 6 pin optocouplers are widely used in different models. So, let's see how is the structure of the optocoupler?

In this lesson, I will try to explain you the structure and working principle of thyristors used in fast switching duty in power electronics circuits. Thyristors are made up of four semiconductors of type P and type N. Thyristors are abbreviated as SCR, which is the initials of the words Silicon Controlled Rectifier.

In this lesson, I will basically explain the working principle of TRIAC. It used in home lighting, dimmer circuits, speed control circuits of fan motors and many power control systems including electronic switches which is one of the power electronic circuit elements. TRIAC is an improved version of the thyristor. While the thyristor can control large currents by operating in a single positive or negative alternator in AC, TRIAC can control large currents in both alternances of the AC waveform. In other words, while Thyristor is mostly used for DC power applications, we can say that TRIAC is more suitable for use in AC power applications.

In this lesson, I basically explained the working principle of the DIAC, which is one of the power electronics circuit elements used in AC timer, also known as dimmer circuits and motor speed control circuits, together with the TRIAC. The abbreviation DIAC is used as an abbreviation of the English Diode for Alternating Current. It is understood from its English name that this two-pin power electronics circuit element is used in alternating current.

In this lesson, I will explain the basic working logic of IGBTs, their features and where they are used. The name IGBT comes from the abbreviation of the initials of the English words Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor. It is a power electronics circuit element formed by the development of the best features of the MOSFET and BJT transistor. It appears in many areas used for switching purposes. IGBTs, which can act as TRIACs or transistors when needed, are used extensively, especially in UPSs that require high switching speed.

In this lesson, I will basically explain the working principle, structure and types of voltage regulators, which is one of the indispensable circuit element of electronics and used on many electronic cards. Voltage regulators have 3 pins. The first pin indicates the input, the second pin indicates the ground, and the third pin indicates the output. The main usage task of voltage regulators; is to convert a certain range of DC voltage at the input to a constant voltage at the output. So let's see how it works now in this lesson.

In this lesson, I will explain the working principle and structure of operational amplifiers, which we can encounter in many places in our daily life and which gain by amplifying the electrical signal. I will explain the types of operational amplifier circuits in the next lesson.

In our previous lesson, I examined the structure and working principle of operational amplifiers. In this lesson, we will examine the structure and operating principle of inverting, non-inverting, differential and integrator operational amplifier circuits. If you have not watched our previous video, I recommend you to look at it first.

In our previous lesson, I examined how AC is converted to DC step by step through the power supply structure. In this lesson, how is capacitor selection made through this example? How to calculate capacitance? I will try to show how to determine the capacity and voltage value of the capacitor used in an electronics circuit.

In this lesson, I showed you the basic working principle of traditional chargers or power supplies that we use in daily life. At the end of this video, you will have learned what stages the AC to DC conversion process of power supplies consists of and how it takes place.

In this lesson, I will explained to you general basic information about Integrated circuits. They are one of the indispensable circuit elements of electronics, in many electronic devices that we use in our daily life.

In this lesson, I will explain the working principle of logic gates that form the basis of all electronic devices we use, which we can encounter in many areas in daily life. When we say digital electronics, the first thing that comes to our mind is logic gates. When numerical expressions are mentioned, level 1, level 0, logic circuits or in other words logic gates come to mind.

Logic gates form the basis of digital systems. Input information is transferred to the output by performing Boolean mathematics operations. Operations are performed on the logical expressions Logic-1 and Logic-0. The reciprocal of 1 logic expression is defined as 5V, and the reciprocal of 0 logic expression is defined as 0V.

There are 7 types of basic logic gate circuits: They are the AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, NAND gate, NOR gate, XOR gate, and finally the XNOR gate.

In this lesson, I will explain the structure and working principle of the breadboard. It is shown how to set up a circuit on the breabboard.

In this lesson, I will show you how to basically measure resistance, voltage and current with a digital multimeter. These measurements are used in electrical panels and many other places for fault detection. By the end of this lesson, you will have learned how to make these measurements.

Digital multimeters are measuring devices that can measure quantities such as voltage, current, and resistance. The measured values ​​are displayed on a digital display and allow easy and direct reading, even by first-time users. Many other measurements can be made with multimeters.

In this lesson, I will explained the working of the transistor timer circuit, also known as delay timer or turn on circuit, which is an example of a hobby electronic circuit that you can easily make on a breadboard and make using basic circuit elements such as BJT transistors, capacitors, LEDs, resistors and buttons. This example will be extremely useful in terms of better understanding the principle of BJT Transistor and capacitor working together. For a better understanding, I recommend that you consider the video as a whole and watch it until the end. If you watch the video until the end, you will better understand the logic of the capacitor's operation in DC. I will also show a simulation of this circuit with Proteus towards the end of the lesson.

LDR Darkness Sensor Circuit is shown as animation in this lesson.

Flip-Flop LED Flasher Circuit is shown as animation in this lesson.

NTC Thermistor Temperature Circuit is shown as animation in this lesson.