Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry

Name: Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry
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Basic techniques to extract and purify Organic Compounds.

Created byVinay Arya

Last updated 3/2022

English

What you'll learn

The students will get a wide picture of Organic Compounds.
The students will learn about the compounds found naturally in environment like sugar starch etc.
The students will have a deep knowledge about the extraction processes of Organic Compounds.
The students will know about the importance of Organic Compounds like Urea and Sugar.

Course content

1 section • 13 lectures • 3h 14m total length

12.1. Contents of Organic Chemistry10:37
Explore the basics of organic chemistry, including functional groups, hydrocarbons and unsaturated compounds, nomenclature, isomers, three-dimensional representations, and essential techniques such as distillation, qualitative and quantitative analysis.
12.2. Organic Chemistry - Introduction15:00
Explore the basics of organic chemistry, including carbon and hydrogen compounds, structural representations and covalent bonds, and classify and depict cyclic and aromatic structures using line and bond-line formulas.
12.3. Three Dimensional Representation14:22
Master three dimensional representation of organic compounds using wedge and dash conventions to reveal bonds. Classify acyclic, cyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds and translate 2D formulas into 3D structures.
12.4. Functional Groups21:35
Explore functional groups and their role in dictating organic compound properties. Learn IUPAC nomenclature and the naming rules for alkanes, including branching, homologous series, and common names.
12.5. Nomenclature of alkanes18:16
Identify the alkane name by selecting the longest parent chain, numbering to give the lowest locants for substituents, applying lowest set rule, and listing substituents alphabetically with appropriate prefixes.
12.6. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds16:06
Master the nomenclature of organic compounds by identifying functional groups and applying priority rules for suffixes and prefixes. Name substituted benzene using ortho, meta, and para.
12.7. Isomerism13:04
Explore isomerism, where compounds share the same molecular formula but differ in structure or spatial arrangement, including structural, chain, position, functional, metameric, and geometrical and optical stereoisomers.
12.8. Fission of Covalent Bond17:54
Explore covalent bond fission through heterolytic and homolytic cleavage, yielding carbocations or free radicals, and examine nucleophile and electrophile interactions, resonance, and inductive effects that govern reaction mechanisms.
12.9. Inductive Effect22:13
Explore inductive and electronic effects, hyperconjugation, and purification techniques such as sublimation, crystallization, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography in organic chemistry.
12.10. Steam Distillation12:33
Apply steam distillation to purify volatile substances from non-volatile impurities by passing steam through the mixture, lowering the boiling point and enabling distillation at atmospheric pressure.
12.11. Qualitative Analysis12:50
Learn qualitative analysis of organic compounds, detecting carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, halogens, and phosphorus via sodium fusion and sodium extract, followed by quantitative estimation of carbon and hydrogen.
12.12. Dumas Method9:58
Explore quantitative nitrogen analysis via the dumas method, using copper oxide combustion to release nitrogen, and the kjeldahl method, converting nitrogen to ammonium sulfate for titration.
12.13. Carius Method10:15
Master the Carius method for quantitative halogen analysis in organic substances, using sealed tubes, fuming nitric acid, and silver nitrate to determine halogen percentages, with sulfur, phosphorus, and oxygen estimation.

Requirements

The child should have clear concepts of Organic Compounds and their derivative's.

Description

Organic compounds appear in materials like clothing, fuels, polymers dyes and medicines. F. Wohler synthesised an organic compound, urea from an inorganic compound, ammonium cyanate.

The three-dimensional (3-D) structure of organic molecules can be represented on paper by using certain conventions. For example, by using solid and dashed wedge formula, the 3-D image of a molecule from a two-dimensional picture can be perceived. In these formulas the solid-wedge is used to indicate a bond projecting out of the plane of paper, towards the observer. The dashed-wedge is used to depict the bond projecting out of the plane of the paper and away from the observer. Wedges are shown in such a way that the broad end of the wedge is towards the observer. The bonds lying in plane of the paper are depicted by using a normal line (—). 3-D representation of methane molecule on paper.

The elements present in organic compounds are carbon and hydrogen. In addition to these, they may also contain oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, halogens and phosphorus. The sodium fusion extract is boiled with iron(II) sulphate and then acidified with concentrated sulphuric acid. The formation of Prussian blue colour confirms the presence of nitrogen. Sodium cyanide first reacts with iron(II) sulphate and forms sodium hexacyanoferrate(II). On heating with concentrated sulphuric acid some iron(II) ions are oxidised to iron(III) ions which react with sodium hexacyanoferrate(II) to produce iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) (ferriferrocyanide) which is Prussian blue in colour.

Who this course is for:

For the Beginners and students of twelfth and eleventh standards.