Bash Shell Scripting Tutorial for Beginners

Explore why the Linux command line matters, learn the shell and terminal roles, and practice basic navigation from root to home, using pwd, cd, and ls commands.

Learn how the ls command lists Linux directory contents, uses -l for long format and -a for hidden files, redirects output to a file, navigating with two dots.

Learn to use the cd command in Linux to change the current directory, navigate to home or root, and handle spaces with quotes or backslashes.

Explore the cat command in linux to display file contents, concatenate files, and create new text files, using options like -n, -b, -s, and -E, and consult man pages.

Master i/o redirection in bash by sending command output to files, appending with '>>', and combining file contents using cat and redirect operators.

Learn how to use the mkdir command in bash to create directories and nested structures in Linux, including the -p flag for parent directories and brace expansion for multiple names.

Learn to use rm and rmdir on Linux to delete files and directories, remove empty directories with rmdir, delete directories that contain files with rm -r, and view verbose output.

Learn to copy files and directories with the cp command in Linux, using -R for recursive copies and -i to prevent overwriting.

Learn how to use the mv command to rename and move files and directories, handle overwriting with interactive prompts, and create destinations when needed.

Learn to use the less command to read and navigate large text files in Linux, with arrow keys, space for page down, B for page up, and / to search.

Learn how to use the touch command in Linux to create new empty files and update their timestamps, and view changes with a long listing of permissions and times.

Learn to use nano, a small Linux text editor, to create and edit files, save with ctrl+o, exit with ctrl+x, and cut/paste with ctrl+k and ctrl+u, with C++ syntax highlighting.

Learn how to use the sudo command in Linux to run commands as administrator, solve permission denied issues, and install software with apt-get.

Learn to use the top command in Linux to monitor processes and memory, view process IDs, adjust refresh rate, filter idle processes, and kill a process by PID.

Learn how to kill Linux processes using the kill command, locate PIDs with ps and top, and force termination with kill -9 or kill -KILL.

Learn to use echo command to display text and variables in bash, declare variables with no spaces around =, and show values with echo $var; explore escape sequences with -e.

Master Linux file permissions by using symbolic permissions with chmod to grant or revoke read, write, and execute rights for user, group, and others.

Change directory permissions in Linux and inspect them with ls -l, observing how removing read, write, or execute rights affects access and file creation inside a directory.

Learn how to use octal permissions and the chmod numeric notation to set read, write, and execute permissions for user, group, and others in Linux.

Learn to create and run bash scripts in Linux, including hello world, using nano and the hash bang line, locate bash, grant execute permission with chmod, and run the script.

Learn how to use the which command to locate the full path of commands and scripts, and how the whatis command displays brief descriptions from manual pages.

Learn to create Linux users with the useradd command, set a home directory, choose a shell, assign a group, and use sudo and passwd to set the password.

Shows how to delete a Linux user with sudo using the userdel command, preserving the home directory by default, and using -r to remove the home directory when desired.

Explore basic Linux group management using commands like groups, groupadd, and groupdel, then add or remove users from groups and verify group memberships.

Learn how the .bashrc file runs at every new interactive terminal session and how to customize it with aliases, environment variables, and handy bash commands.

Learn to view disk and memory usage with df, du, and free, with human readable output using -h and quick summaries with -s.

Learn how to use the Linux watch command to run a command at set intervals, monitor resources, and adjust frequency from seconds to fractional seconds.

Learn head and tail commands in Linux to print the first or last lines of a file, with -n and -f/--follow options for log files.

Learn to use the find command to search files in a directory hierarchy, using -name and wildcards, from home or root, with sudo, and filter by minus one day.

Learn to use the wc command to count lines, words, and characters, print bytes with -c, and find the longest line with -L, with practical examples.

Learn how to use the cal command on Linux to display calendars on the command line, including the current month, year views, and navigation with flags.

Learn to use the date command to display the current date and time and format it with a plus string, and explore -s to set the system date.

Learn to run multiple terminal commands in Bash by using a semicolon to sequence commands, and logical operators like && and || to control execution based on success or failure.

Learn how to use apt-get on Debian-based systems to install, update, remove, and manage packages, including dependencies and common flags.

Learn to view and configure Linux network interfaces with the ifconfig command, identify wired and wireless interfaces, read MAC and IP addresses, and manage up or down states with sudo.

Learn how to use tar to create and extract archive files, including options for creating, extracting, and naming archives, with compression as demonstrated.

Explore the grep command to search patterns in text files using global regular expression print, with case-insensitive searches, line-number output, and multi-file wildcard matching.

Learn to use netstat on Linux to display network connections, routing tables, and interface statistics; filter by tcp, udp, and unix, view listening ports with -l, and addresses with -n.

enable ssh on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS by installing openssh-server, verify ssh client and server, and learn to connect securely to remote or local hosts using ssh with optional port changes.

Install PuTTY on Windows and use SSH to log into a remote server with its IP address on port 22, using your username and password.

Master scp to securely transfer files and directories between local and remote Linux hosts in both directions, using recursive -r, port -P, and -i for private key authentication.