
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Introduction to Machine Learning
In this lecture we introduce the concept of intelligent agents.
Explore how an intelligent agent uses sensors and actuators to perceive environment, record a percept sequence from history, and choose actions via an agent program in state and action spaces.
Define performance metrics by translating the agent's purpose into measurable criteria. Relate environment state and actions to success with mathematical functions, illustrated by vacuum cleaner and autonomous car examples.
Detailed explanation on Agent programs
Introduction: Intelligent Agents – Agents and environments - Good behavior
Define the task environment using PEAS—performance measures, environment, actuators, and sensors—for intelligent agents. Examine observability, single versus multiple agents, determinism versus stochasticity, episodic versus sequential, and static versus dynamic contexts.
Structure of Intelligent Agent Reflex Agents Model based agents and goal based
Problem Solving Agent - Structure
Algorithm for Problem Solving Agent. Example.
Example of Problem Solving Agent- The Toy Problem
The 8-Puzzle Problem
Example of Problem Solving Agent - The 8 - Queens problem
Example of Problem Solving Agent - Four Color problem
Auto car route among obstacles - Solution for Exercise problem - University Qn
The Wumpus World Problem - Example of Problem Solving Agent
Intelligent Agents acting under uncertainty
Foundations and introduction to the concept of probability
Conditional Probability
Introduction to Bayes's Rule and its applications
Inference from Full Joint Distributions
Inference using full joint distributions; –Independence; Bayes’ rule and its use; –The Wumpus world revisited
Bayes Algorithm - Problems from Exercises
Uninformed Search Strategies
Breadth First Search - High Level Algorithm
Explore the breadth first search by starting at a node, visiting successive distance layers with a queue, and checking neighbors until a solution is found.
Learn to implement breadth-first search in Python using a queue, an explored set, and a BFS tree with a parent relation and levels, starting from zero with an adjacency matrix.
Explore a detailed BFS walkthrough from node zero, using a queue, explored set, and parent tracking to update levels while visiting adjacent vertices.
Implement breadth first search in Python with an adjacency matrix, using a BFS function that tracks path costs, explored nodes, a queue, and a BFS tree with parents.
Uniform Cost Search
Uniform Cost Search
Explore uniform cost search on a weighted graph using a distance matrix and a priority queue to expand neighbors and update path costs toward a solution.
Walks through a uniform cost search walkthrough, detailing iterations, frontier and queue operations, and parent relationships, and concludes with optimality and time-space complexity O(b^D).
Compare breadth-first and depth-first search, then implement depth-first search using a stack or recursion, explore neighbors, and backtrack while studying limited depth, iterative deepening, and bidirectional variations.
Execute depth-first search on a 15-node graph using an adjacency matrix. See how a stack governs backtracking and DFS through each neighbor to build the DFS tree.
Depth First Search - Algorithm Walkthrough with Example
Explore informed search strategies that use domain knowledge and heuristics to improve efficiency, with best first search and a heuristic function, illustrated by eight queens and Arad to Bucharest.
A Star Search Algorithm
Learn how A* search uses g(x) and h(x) to find optimal solutions with admissible and consistent heuristics. Compare tree and graph search and discuss contour and heuristic error.
Explore memory-bounded search strategies that balance memory usage by managing the frontier, in algorithms like breadth-first and depth-first search, and A* variants such as iddfs, rbfs, ma*, and sma*.
Local Search
Simulated Annealing
Local Beam Search, Stochastic Local Beam Search
Genetic Algorithms
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence- The fundamental concepts, principles and practices.: Intelligent Agents – Agents and environments – PEAS Performance Parameters, Environment, Actuators, Sensors. Good behavior – The nature of environments – The structure of agents - Problem-Solving agents – How to define a problem? Problem Definition – State Space, Initial State, Goal State, Goal Test, Transition Model, Actions, Sensors. Acting under uncertainty – The 8-Puzzle problem , The 8-Queens problem. The Wumpus World problem-Partially Observable Space - Inference using full joint distributions; –Independence; Bayes’ rule and its use; –The Wumpus world revisited. Searching Techniques: Tree Search Algorithm and Graph Search Algorithm, Redundant path, Loopy Path - Problem-Solving Agents, Well-defined problems and solutions, Formulating problems, Real-world problems. Uninformed Search Strategies, Breadth-first search, Start from Initial State, Choose the data structures Frontier and Explored set. Uniform-cost search with Priority Queue with the cost function, Depth-first search, Last In First Out Queue - Depth-limited search, Iterative deepening depth-first search, Bidirectional search, Informed (Heuristic) Search Strategies, Greedy best-first search, A* search: Minimizing the total estimated solution cost, Heuristic Functions. The effect of heuristic accuracy on performance. Beyond Classical Search, Local Search Algorithms, Hill Climbing Algorithm, Stochastic Hill Climbing Algorithm. Optimization Problems, Local Search in Continuous Spaces, Local Beam Search, Genetic Algorithm, Example of Gentic Algorithm for 8-Queens problem.