Applied Physics For Engineering II: Thermofluids

Define a thermodynamic system and its boundaries, classify open, closed, and isolated systems, and relate properties and state equations like the ideal gas law to heat transfer.

Explore the first law of thermodynamics as a statement of energy conservation, where energy cannot be created or destroyed but transferred or converted between heat, work, and internal energy.

Explore entropy as a measure of energy dispersion, the second law for isolated systems, and irreversibility in heat flow, diffusion, and gas mixing, with real-world examples.

Explore how statistical mechanics links microscopic particle behavior to macroscopic thermodynamics, including temperature as kinetic energy, pressure as momentum transfer, and Boltzmann distribution and partition functions across ensembles.

Learn how density, viscosity, and surface tension determine buoyancy, pressure distribution, and capillary action in fluids. Analyze how density differences cause sinking or floating and how temperature affects viscosity.

Learn Bernoulli’s equation as a tool to relate pressure, velocity, and elevation in incompressible, non-viscous flows, and see how it explains lift on airfoils and flow in pipes.

Explore the Navier-Stokes equations in Cartesian form, linking velocity, pressure, density, and viscosity to viscous fluid motion, continuity equation, and their use in CFD for aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and pipe flow.

Contrast laminar and turbulent flows by Reynolds number; transitions occur near 2000–4000. Apply design strategies to reduce friction and energy loss by maintaining laminar flow in internal systems.

Explore the three main heat transfer mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation, through solids, fluids, and electromagnetic waves, with a pot of boiling water as an illustrative example.

Explore steady-state and transient heat conduction in solids, applying Fourier's law to relate heat flux and temperature gradients to material conductivity.

Compare natural and forced convection in heat transfer, driven by buoyancy or forces, with h depending on fluid properties, surface roughness, and flow; area a and delta T govern rate.

Explore how radiation transfers heat via electromagnetic waves, with blackbody radiation as an idealized model, highlighting emissivity, the Stefan-Boltzmann law, and radiative transfer in space, furnaces, and solar power collection.

Model thermo fluids-based hvac systems in 3d environments, apply boundary conditions, and simulate forced convection with navier-stokes equations to analyze heating, ventilation, and air conditioning performance.

Explore thermal management in electronics using heat sinks, thermal pads, and fans to dissipate heat via conduction, convection, and radiation, with emissivity and liquid cooling considerations.

Explore the aerodynamics of vehicles and aircraft, focusing on drag, lift, flow patterns, and how wind tunnels and CFD optimize airfoils, spoilers, and stability.

Explore boilers for generating steam or hot water and heat exchangers that transfer heat between fluids without mixing, covering efficiency, safety, energy calculations from thermodynamics, and design optimization.

This closing lecture reinforces engineers' need to base designs on science, covering heat, energy flow, fluids, and thermal fluidic systems, and outlines a roadmap to apply core principles.