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Applied Math- Limit, Derivative & Applications of Derivative
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Applied Math- Limit, Derivative & Applications of Derivative

IIT-JEE Main & Advanced | BITSAT | SAT | MSAT | MCAT | State Board | CBSE | ICSE | IGCSE
Created bystudi live
Last updated 4/2022
English
English [Auto],

What you'll learn

  • Introduction
  • Intuitive Idea of Derivatives
  • Limits
  • Limits of Trigonometric Functions
  • Derivatives
  • Rate of Change of Quantities
  • Increasing and Decreasing Functions
  • Tangents and Normals
  • Approximations
  • Maxima and Minima

Course content

4 sections53 lectures5h 55m total length
  • Limits Introduction8:17

    Understand the purpose of limits in the start of calculus and how limits give the approximate value of a function not defined at a point, including the 0/0 indeterminate form.

  • Existence of Limit10:11

    Learn how to determine left-hand and right-hand limits and the existence of limits, using examples like (x^2-4)/(x-2) and the condition that left and right limits agree.

  • Algebra of Limits Part 16:02

    Explore the algebra of limits, showing how limits distribute over addition, subtraction, and multiplication, handle division with nonzero limits, and apply log properties to limits.

  • Algebra of Limits Part 23:33

    Apply the limit to the inner function first, then to the outer in composite forms like f(g(x)). See how the limit propagates to yield f(limit of g(x)).

  • Some Important Result of Limits Part 14:40

    Explore key limit results, starting with (x^n - a^n)/(x - a) = n a^{n-1}. See how replacing x^n with f(x) preserves the limit form and how to adjust signs.

  • Some Important Result of Limits Part 25:20

    Explore key limit results, including sin x over x tending to 1 as x tends to zero, and x over sin x tending to 1, with a worked example.

  • Some Important Result of Limits Part 35:32

    explains core limit results, including (1+1/x)^x tending to e and corollaries using reciprocal adjustments for (1+c/x)^x, and natural log limits to compute zero limits.

  • Some Important Result of Limits Part 42:26

    explores important limit properties and corollaries, illustrating common limit forms and their connection to the natural logarithm (log base e) in limit computations.

Requirements

  • Basic knowledge of mathematics of 9th and 10th std Mathematics

Description

Limits and Derivatives

  • Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically.

  • Intuitive idea of limit

  • Limits of −

    • Polynomials and rational functions.

    • Trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.

  • Definition of derivative, relate it to slope of tangent of a curve, derivative of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions.

  • The derivative of polynomial and trigonometric functions.

Applications of Derivatives

  • Applications of derivatives: rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normal, use of derivatives in approximation, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool)

  • Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations)

SUMMARY

Limits and Derivatives

1. We say lim x→a– f(x) is the expected value of f at x = a given the values of f near x to the left of a. This value is called the left hand limit of f at a.

2. We say lim x→a+ f(x) + is the expected value of f at x = a given the values of f near x to the right of a. This value is called the right hand limit of f(x) at a.

3. If the right and left hand limits coincide, we call that common value as the limit of f(x) at x = a and denote it by lim x→a f(x).

4. The expected value of the function as dictated by the points to the left of a point defines the left hand limit of the function at that point. Similarly the right hand limit.

5. Limit of a function at a point is the common value of the left and right hand limits, if they coincide.

6. For a function f and a real number a, lim x→a f(x) and f (a) may not be same (In fact, one may be defined and not the other one).

7. For functions u and v the following holds :

(u ± v)'  = u' ± v' 

(uv)' = u'v + uv'.

8. Following are some of the standard derivative -

d/dx (sin x) = cos x

d/dx (cos x) = -sin x

Applications of Derivatives

1. First Derivative Test Let f be a function defined on an open interval I. Let f be continuous at a critical point c in I. Then

(i) If f ′(x) changes sign from positive to negative as x increases through c, i.e., if f ′(x) > 0 at every point sufficiently close to and to the left of c, and f ′(x) < 0 at every point sufficiently close to and to the right of c, then c is a point of local maxima.

(ii) If f ′(x) changes sign from negative to positive as x increases through c, i.e., if f ′(x) < 0 at every point sufficiently close to and to the left of c, and f ′(x) > 0 at every point sufficiently close to and to the right of c, then c is a point of local minima.

(iii) If f ′(x) does not change sign as x increases through c, then c is neither a point of local maxima nor a point of local minima. Infact, such a point is called point of inflexion.

2.  Second Derivative Test Let f be a function defined on an interval I and c ∈ I. Let f be twice differentiable at c. Then

(i) x = c is a point of local maxima if f ′(c) = 0 and f ″(c) < 0 The values f (c) is local maximum value of f .

(ii) x = c is a point of local minima if f ′(c) = 0 and f ″(c) > 0 In this case, f (c) is local minimum value of f .

(iii) The test fails if f ′(c) = 0 and f ″(c) = 0. In this case, we go back to the first derivative test and find whether c is a point of maxima, minima or a point of inflexion.

3. Working rule for finding absolute maxima and/or absolute minima

Step 1: Find all critical points of f in the interval, i.e., find points x where either f ′(x) = 0 or f is not differentiable.

Step 2:Take the end points of the interval.

Step 3: At all these points (listed in Step 1 and 2), calculate the values of f .

Step 4: Identify the maximum and minimum values of f out of the values calculated in Step 3. This maximum value will be the absolute maximum value of f and the minimum value will be the absolute minimum value of f .

4. A point c in the domain of a function f at which either f ′(c) = 0 or f is not differentiable is called a critical point of f.

5. Let y = f(x), ∆x be a small increment in x and ∆y be the increment in y corresponding to the increment in x, i.e., ∆y = f(x + ∆x) – f(x).

Who this course is for:

  • Complete Mathematics for Engineering Entrance Exam Preparation. ( IIT-JEE Main | Advanced | BITSAT | SAT | etc.)
  • Those preparing for board and competitive exams State Board, CBSE, ICSE , IGCSE, MHT-CET & NEET
  • Courses are suitable for 160 countries from Europe, America, Middle East, Asia, Africa and APAC. Notably England, Germany, France, Sweden, Ireland, Scotland, USA, Canada, UAE, Saudi, Qatar, Kuwait, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Newzealand, Australia, South Africa, South Korea, Nigeria, Nepal, Sri Lanka, etc