Certificate in Anatomy & Physiology of Human Nervous System

Explore how sensory receptors—thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and chemoreceptors—detect stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses processed by central nervous system, then see how effectors—muscles and glands—execute responses via motor neurons.

The central nervous system, including brain and spinal cord, processes sensory information. The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to the body via spinal and cranial nerves.

Explore the functional classification of the nervous system, focusing on the peripheral nervous system's sensory and motor divisions, including somatic and autonomic pathways like sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Explore the roles of astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oligodendrocytes, satellite, and Schwann cells. See how they support neurons, insulate signals with myelin, regulate cerebrospinal fluid, and cushion neuron cell bodies.

Explore the motor neuron's structure—from the soma and dendrites to the axon and myelin sheath—and how each part enables rapid transmission to coordinate movement and reflexes.

Explore neuron anatomy and function, from the soma housing the nucleus to dendrites that receive signals and extensions that carry messages away, aided by nissl substance and neurofibrils.

Discover how axons transmit nerve impulses from the neuron cell body to axonal terminals, then release neurotransmitters across the synapse to drive muscle contraction, sensation, and coordinated communication.

Explore how the synapse, a tiny gap between neurons, uses neurotransmitters and receptors to pass signals precisely and control the strength and type of neural communication.

discover how myelin insulates and speeds nerve impulses in peripheral fibers via Schwann cells, with neurilemma, nodes of Ranvier, regeneration, and multiple sclerosis illustrating breakdown.

Explore the central nervous system's organization—brain and spinal cord nuclei, ganglia, white and gray matter with myelin, and how bony coverings protect these cells that are not replaced after birth.

Learn how sensory neurons transmit environmental information to the brain and spinal cord through cutaneous receptors, proprioceptors, and nociceptors, enabling perception and reflexive responses.

Proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints detect stretch and tension, giving the brain real-time body position information to support posture, balance, and kinesthetic awareness.

Motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands, enabling movement and secretion; association neurons connect sensory and motor pathways to coordinate reflexes, thinking, and planning.

Explore sensory receptors like naked nerve endings, Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles, Golgi tendon organs, and muscle spindles detecting pain, touch, deep pressure, vibrations, and proprioception.

Explore physiology of nerve impulses through irritability and conductivity, how a stimulus reaches threshold to trigger action potential, and how neurotransmitters transmit impulses across synapses to neurons, muscles, or glands.