
Analyze fossil fuels with coal as a solid fuel and learn calorific value, the approximate and ultimate analysis, experimental procedures, and quizzes and assignments for determining percentages of components.
Classify coal by carbon content into lignite, bituminous, and anthracite, noting rising calorific value with higher carbon; proximate and ultimate analyses guide price and use.
Learn to perform proximate analysis of coal by measuring moisture, volatile matter, and ash, then compute fixed carbon using subtraction, via crucible drying, ignition, and weight loss techniques.
Solve a proximate analysis problem for coal to determine moisture and ash from a 1.5 g sample. Calculate the fixed carbon from the data using residual weights after heating.
Learn to perform proximate analysis of coal by calculating moisture, ash, and fixed carbon from crucible weights after drying at 110 c and complete combustion.
Proximate analysis shows that low moisture and low ash, combined with high fixed carbon, raise calorific value, lower ignition temperature, and reduce emissions and disposal problems.
Explore the ultimate analysis of coal by determining carbon and hydrogen percentages through combustion, measuring CO2 and water vapor, and performing elemental analysis.
Compute carbon and hydrogen percentages in coal using ultimate analysis, tracking CO2 and water vapor weights during combustion to derive carbon about 56.7% and hydrogen about 3.33%.
Estimate carbon and hydrogen in coal by combustion in pure oxygen, measure CO2 and H2O, and calculate the carbon and hydrogen percentages.
Learn how coal nitrogen is estimated by the Gelo method, converting to ammonium sulfate with sulfuric acid. Then heat with alkali, release ammonia, and titrate acid to determine nitrogen percentage.
Estimate nitrogen in coal samples using ammonia absorption and acid neutralization, calculating nitrogen percentage from volumes of acid consumed and the sample weight.
Estimate sulfur in coal by converting to sulfuric acid and precipitating barium sulfate; use a bomb calorimeter for value and calculate oxygen by subtracting C, H, N, S, and ash.
Apply numericals on estimation of sulfur in coal using a bomb calorimeter, calcium and barium sulfate precipitation, and the sulfur percentage formula to determine sulfur content.
Show how carbon and hydrogen drive calorific value, signaling better coal quality and higher heat, while ultimate analysis reveals nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen's impact on pollution and moisture.
Fuels are the substances which produces large amount of heat on combustion. This heat is used for many domestic and industrial applications. Fuels are of various types, fossil fuels is one of them. Fossil fuels found in the earth crust. Solid, liquid and gaseous are the three types of fuels based on the physical state. Coal is very important fossil fuel and various aspects of coal are discussed in this course. In this course study of a solid fossil fuel is discussed. The coal is one of the important fossil fuel. This course covers process of formation of coal, elemental composition of coal, types of coal, need for the analysis of the coal. Carbon is the main element in the coal. Along with carbon other elements like Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur and Oxygen are also present in the coal. Two methods like proximate and ultimate analysis are there for analysis of coal. In proximate analysis percentages of moisture, volatile matter and ash are determined. In ultimate analysis percentages of elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen from coal are determined. These Methods of analysis are discussed in detail in this course. Problems based on proximate and ultimate analysis of coal are also covered in this course.