Advanced Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications

Learn the fundamental principles underlying fluid dynamics; including the kinematics of deformation, hydrostatics & buoyancy, inviscid flow, the application of Bernoulli’s theorems, as well as applications of control volume analysis for more complex problems of engineering interest and in the end understand Autodesk CFD computational fluid dynamics simulation software that engineers and analysts use to intelligently predict how liquids and gases will perform.

The subject of Fluid Mechanics has a wide scope and is of prime importance in several fields of engineering and science. The present course emphasizes the fundamental underlying fluid mechanical principles and the application of those principles to solve real-life problems. Special attention is given to deriving all the governing equations starting from the fundamental principle. There is a well-balanced coverage of physical concepts, mathematical operations along with examples and exercise problems of practical importance.

After completion of the course, the students will have a strong fundamental understanding of the Principles of Fluid Mechanics and will be able to apply the Principles to analyze fluid mechanical systems.

This course is of relevance to engineers and scientists across a wide range of mechanical chemical and process industries who must understand, analyze and optimize flow processes and fluids handling problems. Applications are drawn from hydraulics, aero & hydrodynamics as well as the chemical process industries.

COURSE OUTLINE

Lecture-1 Introduction to Fluid

• The subject of Fluid Mechanics

• Laws in the scientific study

• Engineering approach of problem-solving

• Fluid definition

• Newton’s law of viscosity

• Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid

• Problems based on Newton’s law of Viscosity

Lecture-2 Continuity Equation

• Principle of conservation of mass

• Differential and Integral approach

• Eulerian and Lagrangian approach

• Inventory Equation

• Derivation of Continuity equation-Differential approach

• Conservation and Non-Conservation forms of Continuity

• Material derivative

• Scalar and Vector field

• Acceleration field

Lecture-3 Momentum Equation

• Newton’s Second law of motion

• Body force

• Surface force

• Momentum Equation in differential form

• Stokes postulate

• Navier-Stokes Equation

Lecture-4 Application of Navier Stokes equation

• N-S equation as governing equation of fluid flow

• Application of N-S equation for a steady and laminar fluid flow between two fixed infinitely long plates.

• Velocity profile

• Volume flow rate calculation from the velocity profile

• Local velocity, average velocity, maximum velocity

• Calculating Reynolds Number from the Velocity profile

Lecture-5 Application of Navier Stokes equation - Couette flow

• The physical meaning of N-S equation

• Fully developed flow

• Application of N-S equation for a steady and laminar fluid flow between one fixed and one moving plate-Couette Flow

• Applications of Couette flow

Lecture-6 Reynolds Transport Theorem Derivation

• Control Mass (A System) and Control Volume

• Lagrangian and Eulerian Approach

• Extensive and Intensive property

• Derivation of Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT)

• Interpretation of net flux term of RTT

Lecture-7 Reynolds Transport Theorem - Continuity Equation

• Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT)

• Deriving Continuity Equation using RTT

• Mass flow rate, volume flow rate, and Average speed

• Differential and Integral form of Continuity Equation

Lecture-8 RTT-Continuity Equation Numericals

• Continuity Equation in Integral form

• Solving numerical problems using Continuity Equation

Lecture-9 RTT- Linear Momentum Equation

• Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT)

• Deriving Momentum Equation using RTT

• Resultant Forces acting on a CV

• Momentum accumulation in a CV

• Momentum flow through a CV

Lecture-10 RTT- Angular Momentum Equation

• Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT)

• Deriving Angular Momentum Equation using RTT

• Problem-based on Linear and Angular Momentum

• RTT for Moving and Deforming CV

Lecture-11 Kinematics of Flow-Flow types

• Fluid Flow Visualization- Classics

• Streamline

• Path-line

• Streak-line

• Time-line

• Software for flow visualization (2dflowvis)

Lecture-12 Kinematics of Flow- Irrotational Flow

• The motion of fluid Element

• Transformation of a fluid element

• Angular velocity vector

• Vorticity Vector

• Irrotational flow field

Lecture-13 Kinematics of Flow- Stream function

• Visualizing velocity field-Java Applet

• Visualizing velocity field- Maple

• Stream function

• Change in the value of stream function

• Problem on the stream function

• Stream function in polar coordinates

Lecture-14 Kinematics of Flow- Circulation

• Circulation

• Relationship between Circulation and Vorticity

• Stoke’s theorem

• Problem on Circulation

• The physical meaning of Divergence of a vector

• Circulation and Divergence in Java Applet

Lecture-15 Potential Flow- Velocity potential function

• Velocity Potential function, φ

• Potential flow

• Relationship between ψ and φ

• Flow net

• Velocity potential function in cylindrical coordinates

• Velocity Potential function in Java Applet

Lecture-16 Potential Flow- Basic potential flows

• Uniform flow

• Source and Sink flow

• Vortex flow

• Stream function and Velocity potential function for basic flows

Lecture-17 Potential Flow- Superposition of potential flows-I

• Superposition of basic potential flows

• Doublet

• Half body

Lecture-18 Potential Flow- Superposition of potential flow-II

• Flow around a cylinder

• Flow around a cylinder-Velocity and pressure distribution

• Flow around a cylinder-Drag and Lift

• Rankine body

• Problem on Rankine Body

Lecture-19 Potential Flow- Superposition of potential flow-III

• Superposition of basic potential flows

• Flow around a cylinder with circulation

• Magnus Effect

• Problem- Flow around a cylinder with circulation

Lecture-20 Turbo-machine- Fluid Machines

• Fluid machines classification

• Positive Displacement machines

• Turbo-machines

• Comparison of PDPs and Roto-dynamic pumps

• Turbo-machine Classifications

• Scope of Turbo-machines

Lecture-21 Turbo-machine- Euler’s Equation

• One dimensional flow through an impeller

• Velocity triangle

• Euler’s equation of turbo-machine

Lecture-22 Turbo-machine- Blade Angles

• Velocity triangle

• Velocity triangle at inlet-assumptions

• Effect of blade angle on head

• Typical Characteristic curve of a centrifugal pump

• Effect of blade angle on Characteristic curve

Lecture-23 Turbo-machine- Performance-I

• Problem-Centrifugal blower

• Static, Friction and System head

• Pump Losses

• Pump Efficiency

• Pump Performance Characteristic curves

Lecture-24 Turbo-machine- Performance-II

• Pump System Curve

• Pumps in Series and Parallel

• Pump Affinity laws

• Pump specific speed

Lecture-25 Turbo-machine- Turbine

• Turbine

• Schematics of hydraulic turbines

• Velocity triangles of Turbine

• Impulse Turbine

• Reaction Turbine

• Degree of Reaction

Lecture-26 Turbo-machine- Turbine Performance

• Pump and Turbine Efficiencies

• General Energy Equation

• Problem-Turbine

• Affinity laws for Turbine

• Turbine specific speed

Lecture-27 Boundary layer- Concept

• Classification of flows

• One dimensional and multi dimensional flow

• Steady and Unsteady flow

• Uniform and Non-Uniform flow

• Inviscid and Viscous flow

• Attached and Flow separation

• Laminar and Turbulent flow

• Prandtl-Boundary layer concept

• Growth of boundary layer thickness

Lecture-28 Boundary layer- Order Analysis over Flat plate

• Order of Magnitude or Scale Analysis

• Order of Magnitude Analysis over a flat plate

• Boundary layer thickness as a function of Reynold’s Number

• Wall shear stress using Scale Analysis

• Skin friction coefficient using Scale Analysis

Lecture-29 Boundary layer- Blasius solution

• Laminar boundary layer on a flat plate

• Blasius solution

• Wall shear stress using Blasius solution

• Friction coefficient using Blasius solution

• Problem- Using Blasius solution

Lecture-30 Boundary layer- Turbulent flow over flat plate

• Turbulent flow

• Governing Equations in Turbulent flow

• Boundary layer in Turbulent flow

• The velocity profile in laminar and turbulent flow

• Velocity distribution in the turbulent boundary layer

• Law of wall

Lecture-31 Boundary layer- Displacement and Momentum thickness

• Disturbance or Boundary layer thickness

• Displacement thickness

• Displacement thickness using Blasius solution

• Momentum thickness

• Momentum thickness using Blasius Solution

• The relative amount of displacement and momentum thickness for laminar flow over flat plate

Lecture-32 Boundary layer- Approximate solution

• Control Volume analysis for Boundary layer

• Von Karman Solution

• Von Karman Integral equation

• Approximate solution to Laminar boundary layer over a flat plate

Lecture-33 Boundary layer- Skin Friction Coefficient

• Friction Coefficient for laminar boundary layer

• Local and Average skin friction coefficient

• Friction Coefficient for Turbulent boundary layer

• Friction Coefficient for Mixed boundary layer

• Problem- Mixed boundary layer over a flat plate

Lecture 34 Introduction to EES-Parametrics and plotting

Lecture-35 External flow- Introduction

• External flow- Application

• Forces and Moments on arbitrary shape body

• External Flow over a flat plate and cylinder

• External flow- Low and High Reynolds's Number flows

• Introduction to Open channel flow

• External flow characteristics

Lecture-36 External flow-Drag and Lift

• The resultant force on a body

• Drag and lift Forces

• Drag Coefficient

• Problem-Drag coefficient

• Pressure and Shear stress distribution

Lecture-37 External flow- Drag Coefficient-1

• Drag and lift Forces-Alternate Method

• The drag coefficient for slender bodies

• Problem-Drag coefficient

• Factors affecting drag coefficient

Lecture-38 External flow- Drag Coefficient-2

• The drag coefficient for common geometries

• Drafting

• Fairing

• Drag reduction in nature

• Drag reduction in other applications

• Experimental measurement of drag coefficient

Lecture-39 External flow- Drag in Vehicles

• Drag Coefficient of cars-History

• Drag and Rolling resistance on a Vehicle

• Power required to drive a vehicle

• Problem-Power-Drag and Rolling Resistance

• Drag reduction in Vehicles

Lecture-40 External flow-Introduction to Airfoil

• What is Airfoil?

• Airfoil types

• Airfoil Nomenclature

• Aircraft terminologies

• Airfoil-Potential flow theory

• Minimum Flight Velocity

Lecture-41 External flow-Airfoil Performance

• Lift and Drag on Airfoil

• Airfoil-Boundary layer theory

• Airfoil-Flow separation

• Effect of angle of attack

• Performance of different Aerofoil

• Airfoil with flap

• Airfoil at different Mach Number

Lecture-42 CFD- Introduction

• What is CFD?

• CFD Scope and Applications

• Role of CFD in Engineering

• How CFD works

• Practical Steps of Solving problem in CFD

Lecture-43 CFD- Finite Difference Method

• Numerical Techniques

• Finite difference Method

• Forward, Backward and Central Difference

• Mixed Derivatives

• Problem- Finite Difference Method

• Solving problems in CFD using ANSYS-CFX

Lecture 44 CFD-Geometry and Mesh

Lecture 45 CFD-Pre Solver Solution Post Process (CFX)