
Review a tax equity financing case study negotiating a PPA, modeling wind and solar cash flows, tax credits, and back-leveraged debt to target an 8.5% equity IRR.
Link inputs across worksheets in financial models using the equals sign and absolute and relative references, preserving accurate links on timing and interest payment sheets.
Learn to anchor Excel formulas using absolute and relative references, locking key cells with dollar signs and F4, to accurately compute widget revenue across periods.
Learn to use the SUMIF function in Excel to consolidate semiannual data into annual revenue, and apply it to maintenance capex retirement value and accumulated depreciation across asset life.
This lecture explains how a partnership spv in the United States uses pass-through taxation, detailing general and limited partners’ roles, liabilities, and tax outcomes.
Learn how the production tax credit, set per kilowatt hour, is calculated, phased out, and carried forward, with wind benefiting more than solar under construction start and safe harbor rules.
Explore the Inflation Reduction Act’s production tax credit for solar and wind, based on output, with base 0.6 cents/kWh, full 0.03/kWh, and bonuses for domestic content and energy communities.
Examine the tax equity flip structure in renewable projects, including yield-based and fixed flips, the sponsor and tax equity investor roles, and ITC implications for allocations and IRRs.
Model the SPV's partnership tax and cash benefits by linking revenue, tax credits, and dividends, and set the operations period flag as groundwork for wind and solar flip flags.
Model flip period flags for wind and solar projects, with wind flips at year 10 and solar flips at year 1 and 7, using project switch and preflight flags.
Model tax and cash benefits allocations to the sponsor for wind and solar projects, setting opposite percentages to the tax equity partner across pre‑flip and post‑flip periods.
Explain fair market value in tax equity deals for renewable energy projects, showing the sale to a partnership, the developer fee, ITC impact, depreciation, and the IRS safe harbor.
Learn how Inflation Reduction Act tax credits transferability enables direct sale of ITC and PTC, with no recapture risk for BTC, and a bridge-loan financing process secured by IRS certification.
Model debt service for P50 and P99 cases by linking cash benefits to the sponsor during the loan repayment period, computing DCR targets, and sizing the construction loan.
Learn how a wind project uses three funds: bridge loan, construction loan, and sponsor equity to finance construction and equipment costs within leverage constraints, guided by a macro-driven workflow.
Explore how economic effect validates special allocations under IRS rules and how section 704(b) capital accounts track losses, income, and cash distributions in a tax equity partnership.
Model loss reallocations from the sponsor to the tax equity partner using the same formulas, linking annualized income or loss allocations to sponsor and tax equity capital accounts.
Master how the outside basis evolves with partner equity, losses, income, and cash distributions to determine gains, taxable income, and seven thirty one a gains plus 750 step-ups.
Create the annualized outside basis capital account using income losses, cash inflows and outflows, and flags to model distributions in excess of outside basis for the tax equity partner.
Model sponsor suspended losses using the same formulas as the tax equity partner, with inputs from the sponsor's outside basis capital accounts and the interim closing balance.
Model sponsors' distributions in excess of basis within tax equity calculations, convert quarterly numbers to annualized figures, and link sponsor outside basis capital accounts and 754 step-up.
Course Objective
In an online environment, you will build a financial model suitable for advanced analysis of tax equity flip structures for wind and solar projects.
This course will provide step-by-step instructions on how to size tax equity investment, back-leverage loan, and how to estimate the sponsor's equity return.
By the end of this course, you will be able to build complex, real-life project finance models to analyze tax equity flip structures.
What This Course is About?
Project finance models are used to assess the risk-reward of lending to and investing in an infrastructure project. The project's debt capacity, valuation and financial feasibility depend on expected future cash flows generated by the project and a financial model is built to analyze this. In the tax equity flip structures, there is additional complexity related to the IRS tax rules that have to be reflected in the financial model. On top of that, we have to be able to correctly size the back-leverage debt in the downside scenario, taking into account and reflecting the tax equity's seniority in the financial model.
In this course, we will model a complex tax equity flip structure for wind and solar projects in excel.
You will learn about:
How renewable projects are financed;
How to create best practice macro’s and Excel VBA codes to break circularities;
How to size debt based on multiple covenants for wind and solar projects;
how to create best practice macro’s and VBA codes to break circularities
How to model the allocations of tax benefits between tax equity and sponsor, including modeling the capital accounts, DRO, Qualifies Income Offset provisions, and outside basis;
How to size tax equity investment in a yield-based flip;
Optimize the model to achieve the requirements of lender, sponsor and tax equity investor;
Gain insights into the financial model development process, step-by-step – for a renewable energy model;
This is the same comprehensive financial training used to prepare analysts and managers at top financial institutions and infrastructure funds.
How Does It Work?
The course length is over 14 hours.
First, we will review how renewable energy projects get financed, so we understand all the essential components of project finance transaction.
Then, we will go over the case study and review modeling methods to improve our productivity in excel. We will then dive into building our advanced financial model. We will model the tax benefits allocation and cash distributions before adjustments between partners, which will give us the correct cash flow to the parties.
Next, we will size a preliminary back-leverage loan and model the construction funding. Once we have the construction funding, we will work on the adjustments that have to be made to the tax benefits allocated to the tax equity partner. We will implement the IRS requirements in the financial model (capital accounts, DRO, Qualified Income Offset, outside basis). This will allow us to size the tax equity's investment correctly.
We will then finalize the calculations of the cash flow available for the distributions to the sponsor. We will have to incorporate the DSCR lock-up and default covenants, and debt service reserve account into the calculations of the sponsor's cash flow to get to the sponsor's IRR.
Next, we will work on scenario analysis to find a tax equity transaction structure that could enhance the value of the project for the sponsor and the tax equity partner.
And, finally, we will work on modeling the partners' equity return when the sponsor exercises his buyout option. For those, who are interested in the accounting side of the tax equity transaction, we will also include the discussion and modeling of the HLBV accounting.
Is This Course For You?
Yes, if you need to build, review or analyse project finance models for wind and solar projects in the United States.
Typical students include analysts, managers, senior managers, associate directors, financial advisors, financiers and CFOs from project companies, investment banks, private equity and infrastructure funds.
Course Prerequisites
Note that this is an advanced financial modeling course, and it is expected that you know how to model the project finance models for renewable energy projects. Most of our students take our other course "Project Finance Modeling for Renewable Energy" before taking the advanced course.