ACCA - Corporate and Business Law (CW) - A complete course

Explore international commercial arbitration, including definitions, arbitration agreements, appointment and challenges of arbitrators, proceedings rules, interim measures, evidence, language, and enforcement under the modern law.

Explore the model law framework for arbitration, including article 34 grounds to set aside arbitral awards, and article 35 recognition and enforcement and related grounds to refuse enforcement.

Explore the formation and enforcement of contracts under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, including when it applies, place of business, and interpretation rules.

Explains how contracts form under the UN convention, clarifies offer versus invitation, and surveys incoterms like EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF, DAT, DAP, and DDP with cost and risk transfer.

Analyze seller obligations in international sale of goods: delivery, documents, and transfer of ownership. Explore delivery timing, place, carriage, insurance, and conformity under CISG and UN conventions.

Analyze delivery timing, buyer acceptance or rejection, and seller remedies for repairing or replacing nonconforming goods, including inspection duties and third-party claim protections.

Explore remedies for breach of contract in sale of goods, including damages, specific performance, cancellation, price reduction, anticipatory breach, and installment contracts for buyers and sellers.

Explore how risk passes in international trade, the role of carriage, appropriation, and bills of lading, and review payment methods like bank transfer, letter of credit, and bill of exchange.

Explore negotiable instruments rules, including interest terms, payable on demand, endorsements, blank endorsements, holder in due course, and liability on endorsements and guarantees.

Learn the rules of presentment for payment under bills of exchange and how letters of credit provide bank-backed payment guarantees for buyers and sellers, including irrevocable, confirmed, and revolving types.

Explore the principal–agent relationship in corporate law, defining agent, principal, and third-party contracts; examine authority, ratification, estoppel, apparent authority, fiduciary duties, and liabilities.

Explore types of business organization, including sole trader, general partnership, limited liability partnership, and limited partnership, detailing liability, authority, dissolution, and corporate personality.

Analyze global partnership forms under UK and French law, including SNC and Musharakah, focusing on liability, agency, partnership articles, and changes in partners.

Understand automatic dissolution of object-based and fixed-term partnerships, reasons requiring court orders, and how assets are distributed with unlimited liability.

Explain corporate personality as a separate legal entity, veil lifting, and key cases like Solomon v. Solomon & Co. Ltd, cover consequences and the move to limited liability partnerships.

Understand how a limited liability partnership blends partnership and company traits, with designated partners, limited liability, perpetual succession, and regulatory and tax considerations.

Understand promoter fiduciary duties to disclose interests and avoid secret profits, including remedies, insider trading concepts, and the incorporation process from pre-incorporation contracts to registration, memorandum and articles.

Examine how the articles of association and memorandum form a company’s constitution, binding the company and its members, with arbitration and alterations governed by bona fide rules and case law.

Explore loan and share capital, their advantages and disadvantages, and the rights of share classes, including voting, dividends, liquidation, and pre-emptive rights.

Learn how share capital is structured—called up, paid up, and uncalled capital—and how bonus and rights issues raise funds, guided by pre-emptive rights and capitalization logic.

Explore profits, release profits, and distributable reserves, including share premium and capital reduction reserves, and how net assets influence dividend declarations for public limited companies.

Explain charge creation on company property, distinguishing fixed and floating charges, their priority, registration requirements, and consequences of non-registration, plus an overview of loan vs share capital.

Examine director types, duties, and powers, including de jure and de facto directors, shadow directors, executive and non-executive directors, managing director, chairman, and alternate directors.

Explore appointment and removal of directors, rotation and casual vacancies, disqualification rules, service contracts, remuneration reports, and director duties under the Companies Act 2006.

Explore directors' fiduciary duties, avoidance of conflicts of interest, declarations of interest, and remedies for breach, with case law illustrating the scope of director authority.