A simple road-map to Energy, Rate and Reversible Reaction

Energy in Chemistry

• Introduction to energy and examples

• Energy involvement during Physical and chemical changes

• System and surrounding

• Exothermic and endothermic reactions and examples

• Temperature changes during exothermic reactions

• Temperature changes during endothermic reactions (Graphical representation of these changes)

• Energy changes during Bond making and bond breaking(Explained through diagram and example solved)

• Energy profile diagram of exothermic reaction

• Energy profile diagram of endothermic reaction

Rate of Reaction

• Introduction

• Definition of Rate

• Collision Theory (core concept of rate of reaction)

• Unsuccessful Collision

• Successful Collision

• Activation Energy

• Proper Orientation of Particle

• Summary of Collision theory

• Factors on which rate of reaction depends

        i. Concentration and Rate

           (Graphical Representation)

        ii. Temperature and Rate of Reaction

            (Graphical Representation)

        iii. Surface area and Rate of Reaction

            (Graphical Representation)

        iv. Catalyst and Rate of Reaction

            (Graphical Representation)

         v. Pressure

            (Graphical Representation)

            (Overall Graphical Representation)

• Measuring Rate of Reaction Through

         i. The mass of a gas produced

         ii. Mass of solid product

         iii. Change in Color

         iv. The Loss in mass of a solid

Reversible Reactions

• Irreversible Reaction

• Reversible Reaction

• Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium

        Examples of Dynamic chemical equilibrium:

        i. Anhydrous CuSO4 into hydrated CuSO4)

        ii. Anhydrous CoCl2 to Hydrated CoCl2

        Main problem with reversible reaction and solution of the problem:

        (Core concept of reversible reactions)

• Le–Chatlier principle

Factors on which direction of reaction depends

i. Concentration and Equilibrium

ii. Temperature and equilibrium reaction optimum temperature.

iii. Pressure and Equilibrium of Reaction.

iv. Catalyst

Haber Process

• Raw Material process of Haber

• Yield of ammonia with condition of:

          a. Pressure

          b. Temperature

• Uses of NH3

Contact Process

• Raw Material

• Process of Contact Process

• Uses of SO2

• Uses of H2SO4

Past Paper Review & Solution

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This section provides valuable insights for O-Level students, helping them effectively tackle past paper questions.