A Level / AP Level Economics

This video looks at the basic economic problem of scarcity and introduces the PPF diagram and the concept of opportunity cost.

This video looks at the definition of opportunity cost with an example.

This video introduces students to the demand curve including what will move demand along the curve and what will cause the curve to shift position.

This video covers the basic theory behind the supply curve and looks at example changes in variables that will cause a movement along the supply curve or a shift.

This video introduces the concepts of market equilibrium - where supply and demand meet. It also shows how shortages and surpluses are resolved using the price mechanism.

This video covers more advanced supply concepts , such as joint supply and buffer stock schemes.

This video looks at the concept of economic surplus both for the consumer and producer.

This video looks at the relationship between changes in demand and changes in price, including how elastic and inelastic charts look.

This lecture looks at how demand of one good can change in relation to the price of another, both substitute and complimentary goods are discussed.

This video looks at the relationship between changes in income and consumption of goods. The video includes the concepts of normal and inferior goods.

This lecture describes the relationship between changes in supply and changes in prices. The formula for working this out is also discussed.

This video introduces the concept of taxation and looks at the different types, such as progressive and regressive taxes. Taxation diagrams are also introduced.

This lectures describes what subsidies are and how they affect market equilibrium diagrams.

This lecture covers how exchange rates work, along with diagrams explaining the behaviour. Time is taken to review the macro economic impact of changes in exchange rates, so some knowledge of macro aggregate and supply diagrams is advised before watching. The concepts of effective exchange rates are also covered.

This lecture covers the concept of external cost and benefit, including the formula for social cost and benefit. Diagrams are also introduced that look at the concepts of private benefit maximisation and social benefit maximisation , along with welfare loss.

This video looks at merit and demerit goods and how the market failure is linked to each time. The diagrams for each are also included.

This lecture looks at the market failure associated with public goods and the free-rider problem.

This lecture identifies the areas where the price mechanism can fail and the opportunity for the government to then try and correct the failure exists in an economy. The problems associated with the intervention are then identified and discussed.

This lecture introduces the theory of labour markets and looks at a perfectly competitive market on a diagram.

This lecture continues describing labour market theory by looking at monopsony and how the adverse effects of this market structure can be mitigated by minimum wages and trade unions.

This lecture looks at the relationship between variable inputs and outputs and how marginal and average returns work.

This lecture introduces the concept of total, marginal and average revenue.

This lecture recaps the concept of opportunity costs and introduces average, total and marginal costs.

This lecture reinforces the concept of diminishing returns with a practical example included to help demonstrate the concept.

This lecture describes the main goals of firms such as, profit and revenue maximisation and how these are represented on diagrams.

This lecture introduces the market structure of perfect competition , the main features and implications for static and dynamic efficiency.

This lecture explores the market structure known as monopoly. Time is taken to review different forms of monopoly, including natural monopoly and the concepts of static and dynamic efficiency.

This lecture looks at the concept of charging customers different prices for the same products and how first, second and third degree price discrimination work.

This video looks at the market structure of monopolistic competition in both the short and long run. The diagram to accompany the theory is also explained.

This video looks at the market characteristics of an oligopoly, including how prices remain stable. The diagram representing an oligopoly is also explained.

This video looks at the need for both overall competitive market regulation and the requirement of more industry specific regulators in key industries.

This video looks at more advance exchange rate concepts, namely the Marshal Lerner condition and the J Curve Effect.

This video introduces the concept of budget lines and shows how an individuals spending is influenced by their budget.

This video introduces the concept of indifference curves and relates them tom marginal utility. A shift in budget and the related indifference curves is also covered.

This video looks in specific detail about the effect of a change in relative prices on indifference curves and budget lines.

This video looks how the different methods of measuring economic output including: GDP, GNP, GDP per capita HDI and the Multi Dimensional Poverty Index. Comparisons across countries using purchasing power parity is also covered.

This video examines the cycles that economic systems go through and looks at a real life example using the U.K. economy.

This video explore the macro PPF and looks at the difference between consumer and capital goods and the concept of economic efficiency.

This video explores what constituent elements are part of aggregate demand and how the changes in A.D. can be represented on a diagram.

This video covers the basics of aggregate supply, including how to represent changes on a diagram.

This video looks at what influences aggregate supply in the long run.

This video looks at the importance of savings in the macro economic system.

This video looks at the causes of inflation , including cost push and demand pull.

This video looks at deflation in both the malign and benign format.

This video looks at the different forms of unemployment and how they are represented via diagrams.

This video describes the balance of payments containing both explanations of the current, capital and financial accounts.

This video looks at macro economic equilibrium and the Neo classical interpretation.

This video examines the failure of market equilibrium in national economies and introduces an alternative Keynesian explanation.

This video looks at the circular flow of income model and how injections and withdrawals work.

This video examines the multiplier effect and how to show it diagrammatically.

This video examines the accelerator effect and how it impacts economic output.

This video examines the basics of trade policy, such as tariffs and quotas.

This video examines the various fiscal policy approaches and relates them to other parts of macro economic theory.

This video examine the monetary policy tools used to manage the economy such as interest rates and credit policy.

This video examines the importance of the supply side in economics and how to address structural issues in the economy.

This video introduces students to the concept of globalisation, its impacts on economies and on trade.

This video examines absolute and comparative advantage in detail using numerical examples.

This video is about money its origins and what characteristics if must have , this includes examining whether crypto currencies are money.

This video looks ate the Phillips Curve and how it links to inflation and unemployment.

This video examines the bond markets and the relationship between yields and prices.

This video looks a the credit multiplier and how it works in the context of a modern banking system.

This video examines the Keynesian cross and how inflation and deflationary gaps can occur.

This video examines the field of developmental economics, including how economic development is measured in economies.

This video looks at the gaps between rich and poor and whether those gaps matter.