A Beginner’s Guide To Linux Commands

Learn Linux commands from an absolute beginner perspective by mastering the command line interface, navigating directories, managing files and permissions, and exploring shell scripting with virtual environments and virtual box.

Discover what Linux is as an operating system, its kernel and shell, and how command line interfaces enable control via the terminal, with advantages like free licensing and stability.

Learn to download and install the current Ubuntu Desktop, noting that the site shows 16.04 while the actual latest is 18.04, and follow the updated installation steps.

Download and install VirtualBox, create a virtual machine, and install Ubuntu to learn Linux commands in an independent, host-free environment.

Explore Linux versus Windows, highlighting open source and free distributions, and the core directories and files of Linux. Master absolute and relative paths to navigate the root directory.

Explore the Linux root directory and its key subdirectories, such as home, bin, and etc. Learn to view and navigate their contents in GUI and in the terminal using ls.

Navigate the Ubuntu desktop, open and customize the terminal, and pin it for easy access; learn home and root directories, ls usage, and terminal prompts for standard and super users.

Master core Linux commands such as ls, cd, pwd, and man; learn directory navigation, history, and using the command line interface. Explore options, hidden files, and gui versus cli.

Analyze how ls -l shows directories (blue) and files (white) with permissions, owner, group, size in bytes, date, and name.

Learn to create directories in Linux with mkdir for single and multiple directories, using -p for nested paths and -v to verify, while using # for comments.

Learn to remove files and directories with rm, use rm -r for recursive deletion, rm -i for interactive confirmation, and shred to permanently erase data from disk.

Learn to copy, move, and rename files and directories with cp, using recursive options, verify copies via inode numbers, and use absolute and relative paths with touch and ls.

Learn to use the cat command to create, display, and concatenate files, combine content with pipes, and sort results. Explore options like -n, -b, -e, -s, and tac for reverse.

Explore linux permissions for files and directories across user, group, and others, using read, write, and execute, with ls -l and chmod (absolute or symbolic, recursive) to set rights.

Demonstrate Linux permissions with read, write, and execute for owner, group, and others using absolute and symbolic chmod; view changes with ls -l and apply recursively to directories and files.

Create linux users with sudo using useradd or adduser, assign home directories and shells, set passwords, and verify entries in /etc/passwd.

Explore how the shadow file stores encrypted passwords and metadata, linking it with the password file to manage user login, password aging, expiry, and account status.

Learn to delete users with sudo userdel, which removes the user while keeping the home directory; use -r to remove both the user and their home.

Learn how user IDs and group IDs map to usernames, with new users starting at 1000+, root as 0, and IDs stored in /etc/passwd, viewable via id and related commands.

Learn how the grep command searches text for patterns using -n for line numbers, -i for case-insensitive matches, and -r for recursive searches, with quoted pattern examples.

Learn to use the usermod command to change account settings, including login directory (-d), group (-g) or groups (-G), and lock or unlock accounts (-L, -U) with hands-on demos.

Use the chown command to transfer file ownership to a user or a group, and simplify permissions by assigning a group to multiple files, including recursive changes across directories.

Learn to use the chage command to manage password aging for individual users, covering maximum days, inactivity, warnings, and account expiration, illustrated with a Victor example.

Use the more, less, head, and tail commands to view and page through large log files. Learn to scroll with space, quit with q, and pipe output to other commands.

Master linux pipes and redirection to transfer command output between programs and to files. Use less and more for paging and learn overwrite versus append with > and >>.

Discover how to use the nano editor in linux, including opening, saving, navigating, and editing text with basic shortcuts and file path basics.

Master vim basics by exploring command and insert modes, navigating with h j k l, saving and quitting, deleting lines, and performing search and replace across the text.

Learn to use the cut command to extract specific characters or columns from text with delimiters such as space, colon, and comma, including ranges and multiple fields in a file.

Learn to use awk to filter text data and extract columns from files. Explore patterns, delimiters, and fields like $1 and $4, and combine filters with pipes for reports.

Discover how wildcards in Linux use the asterisk, question mark, and brackets to match patterns and filter files and directories.

Learn to use wildcards in the Linux shell, including question marks, asterisks, and brackets, to filter files by name and extension.

Share a folder from a Windows desktop to an Ubuntu virtual machine using VirtualBox shared folders. Install the guest additions to enable sharing and access the files from Linux.

Learn hard and soft links in Linux. Compare how hard links share an inode and data blocks, and note soft links are indirect and break if the target is removed.

Learn how gzip compresses files to save disk space and speed transfers. Compress individual files to .gz, test with -t, list with -l, and keep originals with -K.

Use tar to archive and extract directories, and learn to compress archives with gzip (.tar.gz). Create with tar, compress with gzip, and extract with tar to manage backups.

Learn how to use apt-get to manage Linux packages, including updating, upgrading, dist upgrade, installing, searching, and removing applications while handling dependencies.

Install Ubuntu server and switch from a GUI desktop to a full command line interface, using terminal commands to create virtual machines, install updates, and run server workloads.

Learn to install Ubuntu server in a virtual machine, choose the long-term support image, configure memory and 25 gigs, and complete the command-line setup before installing the desktop.

Install the gnome desktop on ubuntu server and run apt-get update and upgrade to enable a graphical interface. Log in to the gui and verify the server version.

Learn how to install sql server 2017 on Linux Ubuntu, import keys, configure repository, install sql server, connect with sqlcmd, and run queries to create a database.

Learn how to create and run a shell script to automate backups using tar and gzip, with date-stamped archives, building on basic Linux commands.

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