5G Network and Air interface From Zero to Hero

Explore how 5G introduces standalone and non-standalone architectures, dual connectivity, and master and secondary cell groups, with data split at the PDCP or MAC layer to boost speed.

Explore 5g network options, including standalone and non-standalone paths (3, 3a, 3x), and learn why option 3x is recommended for upgrading from 4g to 5g.

Network slicing creates multiple logical networks over a common multi-domain infrastructure using software defined networking and virtualization to support enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communication, and ultra-reliable low latency.

Describe 5G network architectures: the reference point architecture with point-to-point interfaces and the service-based architecture using network functions and a common interconnect path, highlighting signaling differences.

Explore the 5g radio section, detailing the gnb and evolved node b, their du-cu split with f1 interface, and connections to the core via n2, n3, and evolved x2 interface.

Understand the 5g core: the upf routes and buffers data with qos and charging, while the smf manages sessions and upf selection, and the amf handles registration and mobility.

Learn how the 5g core elements NSF (network slice selection function), NEF, NRF, and UDM work together to select slices, expose APIs, and manage subscriptions.

Discover how the 5g core handles authentication and policy control with AUSF, PCF, EIR, and SMS-F. Examine 5g security domains and the encryption and integrity algorithms NEA and IA.

Explore the three 5G RRC states—idle, inactive, and connected—and how transitions from power-on enable cell selection, reselection, and efficient signaling with broadcast message handling.

Understand 5G bands across frequency range one and two, millimeter waves, and how coverage versus capacity drives small cell deployments, carrier aggregation limits, and release timeline expansions.

This lecture explains massive MIMO and beamforming with smart antenna arrays that create dedicated beams for multiple users on the same resources, including adaptive and 3D beamforming.

Explore NR bands in frequency range one and two, including FDD, TDD, SDL and supplemental uplink/downlink, plus uplink-downlink decoupling, CQI, and modulation choices like 16-64-256 QAM.

This lecture explains 5g time domain resources, detailing frame and subframe timing, 14 symbols per slot with normal cyclic prefix, and numerology guiding slot counts.

Uncover how low bands, mid band one, mid band two, and high millimeter waves balance coverage, capacity, latency; large subcarrier spacing shortens symbol and slot durations, delivering ultra low latency.

Explain how resource elements, resource blocks, and resource block groups organize data in the 5G grid, and how subcarrier spacing and guard bands influence bandwidth and efficiency.

Divide a carrier into band ports—adjacent PRBs with the same numerology—and use bandwidth parts—dedicated, active, and default—to match subcarrier spacing and symbol duration.

Discover how 5G reference signals improve efficiency with four types—model/demodulation, phase tracking for millimeter waves, SRS, and CSI—enabling on-demand channel estimation, beamforming, and PMI/rank feedback.