5G Core Technologies: Architecture, Deployment & Protocols

Explore the 5g network structure, detailing the radio access network (nr, g node b) and the 5g core. Understand 5g new radio bands, bandwidths, and 3gpp and itu roles.

Contrast standalone vs non-standalone 5g architectures, detailing 5g core versus epc, g node b, enodeb, and the enhanced mobile broadband, ultra reliable low latency, and massive machine type use cases.

Discover 5g non-standalone dual connectivity, where devices connect to 4g enodeb and 5g gnodeb; signaling uses master cell group, traffic uses secondary cell group with larger bandwidth and reliability.

Explore seven 5G deployment options, from legacy 4G to 5G standalone and non-standalone, including NDC, 3x, and 4G/5G core configurations, with master and secondary subgroup roles.

Compare 5g non-standalone and standalone architectures; non-standalone uses 5g radio with 4g core for high data rates, while standalone enables smart cities, smart factories, URLLC, and mMTC.

Enable customized connectivity and service optimization in 5G by virtualization and network slicing, supporting enhanced mobile broadband, ultra reliable low latency communication, and massive machine type communication through dedicated slices.

Understand how S-NSSAI guides network slice selection by identifying the slice service type and differentiator. See how this determines eMBB, ultra-low latency, or mMTC slices and their path delays.

Explore cloud native 5g architectures, focusing on hardware-agnostic software, divided applications, life cycle management, and resilience to support URLLC slices like high-hazard trucks.

Explore traditional 5G architecture with point-to-point interfaces between network nodes, and contrast it with service-based architecture using a common interface of network functions like UPF, AMF, and SMF.

Explore the service based architecture (SBA) in 5G, showing how the radio part connects user equipment to the AMF and UPF via N1, N2, and N3 interfaces.

Understand how network functions in a service-based 5g core can act as service producers or service consumers, with examples like upf, amf, udm, smf, nrf, and usf.

Learn how 5g core functions communicate via the http rest protocol, using a restful api to register services with the NRF, discover providers, and request policies with standard http methods.

Explore the 5g ran architecture, including user equipment and the g node b, with upf in the user plane and amf and smf in the control plane, plus service-based interfaces.

Explore how gNB splits into a central unit and distributed units via the F1 interface, with the central unit handling control plane and mobility, while distributed units manage data plane.

Explore the 5g core, focusing on the access and mobility function (amf), n2 and n1 interfaces, registration, authentication, handover, and session management with smf and upf.

The AMF relays signaling to the SMF over N11 or the common interface, handles registration and IP/DNS allocation, and selects SMF by service, allowing multiple SMF connections.

The upf, the 5g core user plane function, routes data, encapsulates and decaps packets, applies quality of service via policing and shaping, and serves as the gateway to external networks.

Explore the 5g core's smf session management function, handling data session setup, modification, release, ip address allocation, upf selection, policy retrieval from pcf, and idle-user downlink notifications.

Explore how the NRF functions as a database for network functions, enables service discovery, and guides the AMF to the appropriate PCF for ultra low latency or enhanced mobile broadband.

The network slice selection function (NSSF) assigns user service requests to appropriate 5G slices, such as enhanced mobile broadband or ultra reliable low latency communication, to optimize throughput and latency.

Learn how network slicing flows from the SNCI to the NSSF to serve ultra reliable low latency communication, enterprise IoT, enhanced mobile broadband, and massive IoT with edge-to-core deployments.

Expose 5G operators APIs for application developers through the network exposure function, enabling third-party apps to access limited data from 5G connected vehicles and road sensors while protecting subscriber privacy.

Explore how 5G uses the UDM and UDR to authenticate users, manage subscriptions, and tailor streaming services, with Sookie and Soupy identities secured from the air interface.

Explore how the 5g core uses the EIR to authorize devices by IMEI with white, grey, and black lists, and how AUSF authenticates users via AMF and UDM.

The PCF policy control function provides PCC policies to govern a user session, assigns QoS such as bandwidth, and coordinates with SMF, AMF, UPF, and charging.

Explore how 5G core registration management states determine user reachability and signaling by distinguishing registered versus de-registered; see how initial registration and registration updates keep the AMF informed.

Explain CM idle and CM connected states in the 5G core, covering registration, signaling only versus data traffic, paging in a tracking area, and AMF, SMF, gNB, and UPF interactions.

Explain registration management states, CM and RC states, and how AMF tracks a user's registered, idle or connected status with radio resource usage, RC connected, RC idle and RC inactive.

Explore how PDU session anchors and UPF handoffs enable 5G session continuity, detailing SSC modes: mode 1 supports gaming and voip, mode 2 breaks, mode 3 make-before-break for car self-driving.

The lecture explains network wide mobility across UPFs to preserve a user's IP address and session continuity, and introduces uplink classifier for selective data flow breakout with SMF and UPF.

Define quality of service in 5G, explain quality of service flows and quality of service flow IDs, and how 5G supports data flows with low latency and priority.

Explore how 5G uses QoS flow IDs to classify traffic, mapping services from conversational voice to video via UPF and PDR rules, including reflected quality of service.

Examine the 5G core interfaces N1 and N2, signaling between user equipment, the AMF, and the gNodeB, and cover Ngap, registration, PDU session management, tracking area updates, paging, and handover.

Analyze the N3 data traffic interface between gNB and UPF using GTP-u encapsulation for user data; examine N9 and N14 roles in handover and context sharing.

Learn how N11, N4, N15, and N5 interfaces coordinate AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, and AF to establish and modify sessions, allocate IPs, enforce QoS, and route traffic for 4K streaming.

Explore N6, N7, and N10 interfaces in 5G core: routing user plane data to external networks, enforcing policy with PCF and SMF, and syncing subscriber profiles for roaming.

The lecture covers N8, N12, N13, and N22 interfaces in 5G core, showing AMF retrieves subscriber data and authentication vectors from the UDM, and enables network slice selection with NSF.