2025 Complete SQL Bootcamp from Zero to Hero in SQL

Create SQL tables by defining a table name and multiple columns with their data types using the create table syntax, illustrated by a persons table example.

Practice creating sql tables by solving tasks: build a payment table with loan number, payment number, date, amount, and a salesperson table with first name, last name, city, and sales.

Learn how to drop, truncate, and alter tables in SQL, including drop table, truncate table, and alter table add or drop columns. See examples with shippers and customers tables.

Learn how to insert data into a table using the insert into syntax and values, specify columns, and insert entire rows or selective columns.

Learn how to use the SQL update statement to modify table data by setting a column to a new value, and update multiple columns with a conditional where clause.

Learn how to delete rows with the delete statement, using delete from table with where conditions, or remove all rows from a table.

Learn how not null constraints require values in id, last name, and first name, while age can be null, and how unique constraints work on single or multiple columns.

Understand primary key constraints in SQL, enforcing unique and not null values, with single or composite keys, plus create, alter, and drop operations and the primary vs unique key distinction.

Use auto increment to generate a unique id for each table record, starting from a value (like 1 or 50 via alter table) not null, and incrementing automatically on inserts.

Define the super key as a set of attributes that uniquely identifies records in a table and is a subset of a candidate key, illustrated by a student table example.

Identify candidate keys as the minimal set of fields that uniquely identify each record, are never null, and may be multiple keys per table, as a subset of super keys.

Explore composite keys, a primary key formed by two or more attributes, using a score table where student id and subject id uniquely identify a student's marks in a subject.

Explore the foreign key concept by linking an employee table to a department table through department id, showing how a primary key becomes a foreign key in another table.

Master the select command to extract data from tables by choosing specific columns or all columns with star, and use distinct to fetch unique values.

Learn to use the where clause to filter rows in SQL by applying conditions such as city = 'sadness' and first_name = 'name', with single quotes around strings.

Use the like operator to search for patterns in a column, with examples on the persons table showing first_name like 'wo%', ending with 'e', and containing 'l'.

Apply the between and not between operators to filter staff salaries within a range. Compare this with the greater than or equal to and less than or equal to approach.

Apply in and not in to filter staff data by position, selecting staff number, first name, last name, and position for managers or assistants.

Learn to use the order by clause to sort records by one or more columns in ascending or descending order, with examples on salary and property data.

Learn to use aggregation functions in SQL to count, sum, and compute min, max, and average values on a column, with property, viewing, and staff examples.

Learn how to group data by branch number using the group by clause, counting staff and summing salaries with aggregate functions in a staff table.

Apply the having clause to filter grouped data by branch, counting staff and summing salaries per branch. Learn to show only branches with more than one staff member.

Query the customer table using select, distinct, and count to extract specific columns, filter by country, and sort results, while applying min, max, avg, and sum with like-based string matching.

Use the union operator to combine select results, requiring equal column counts, similar data types, and same column order; union returns distinct cities, ordered by city, from customers and suppliers.

Apply the intersect operator to two select statements to return common rows, such as cities found in both customers and suppliers, ordered by city name.

Learn how to create SQL views as virtual tables to restrict access and summarize data from multiple tables, using create view as select with a customers example.

Update a view with the update keyword and view name, setting age to 35 for a row with a given name and updating the base table and the customers view.

Delete rows from the view customers_view where age = 22. Remove the matching rows from the underlying customers table as well as the view.

Drop an unnecessary view using the drop view syntax, specifying the view name to remove the entire view; for example, dropping the customers view from the customers table.

Explore subqueries using the select statement by filtering employees with salaries above 2800 and retrieving full details for matching employee IDs.

Execute a subquery-based update to raise salaries by 20% for employees earning 2800 or less in the employee table, using set salary = salary * 1.2.

Apply subqueries to delete rows with the delete statement, using a nested select. See how employees aged 28 or older are removed from the employee table.

Learn the case expression in SQL to evaluate multiple conditions, returning the first true result and an else fallback. The example shows extracting city or country with null handling.

Explore subqueries in SQL, including a subquery that finds the minimum age in the customers table and returns full records for age 22, and compare with a join on orders.

Explore cross join, also known as the Cartesian product, which combines every row from two tables. Three rows in the first and two in the second yield six results.

Understand inner join operations between two tables and learn how only matching records are returned using a common join key, with an example query combining table a and table b.

Learn how left outer join retrieves all records from the left table and matching records from table B, returning null when no match is found, using on a.pca = b.pq.

Apply a left join, excluding inner join, to return records in table a with no match in table b, using where table b.bc is null.

Learn how the right outer join returns all records from table B and the matching records from table A, with nulls when there is no match.

Learn how a right join excludes inner join matches to return all records from table B that have no corresponding rows in table J, with nulls filling unmatched fields.

Builds mastery of full outer join by showing how it returns all rows from both tables, with nulls where no match exists, joined on pq.

Learn how a full outer join returns all records from both tables, including non-matching rows, with nulls where data is missing, using the on condition and a where clause.

Learn to write a SQL query that returns distinct faculty names teaching classes in room 106 by joining the faculty and class tables on f_id.

count the number of students in the physics department by joining student and department tables on department_id, using student number as the unique identifier.

Select sailor names from the sailor's table where rating is greater than eight. The query returns three sailors whose rating exceeds eight.

Extract sailor names and ages from the sailor stable where age is between 35 and 45 inclusive, using >= and <= or the between operator.

Learn to write a sql query to find the sailor name with rating ten and age under twenty in the sailors table, returning Lalit.

Identify the sids of sailors who reserved a red boat by joining the boats and reservations tables on bid and filtering for color red.

Learn to find names of sailors who reserved a red boat by joining the sailors, reserves, and boats tables and filtering by red color.

Join three tables—sailors, reserves, and boats—to retrieve the colors of boats reserved by the sailor Lubber, using the sailor name filter and the boats color field.

Learn to find sailors who reserved at least one boat by joining the sailors and resource tables on a common key and selecting their names.

Use a union of two queries to find sids of sailors who have a rating of 10 or reserved boat 104, by selecting sid from sailors where rating = 10, union with sid from results where bids = 104.

Explore inner join, left outer join, right outer join, and full outer join between book and stock tables using isbn, book name, and copies, with sample data and result comparisons.

Display last names and hire dates of the latest hires in each department, by joining employees and departments on department_id, filtered by location_id 1700, grouped by department_id.

This lesson uses employee and customer tables, linked by a foreign key from sales representative id to employee id, to return employees whose customers all have a good rating.

Identify the addresses of cinemas with the maximum capacity by comparing the same cinema table aliased as p1 and p2, selecting p1.address where p1.capacity is the maximum among p2.capacity.

Join the students and performance tables on the student number, group by student name, and sum marks to produce Raj 310 and Rohit 140.