
Explore the identification and roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms, their charges and masses, and how they determine atomic number, mass number, and ion formation.
Explore the nucleus of the atom, detailing protons, neutrons, and electrons, and define atomic number and mass number; explain how isotopes share protons but differ in neutrons and mass number.
Explore how electrons occupy energy levels and subshells, including s, p, d, f orbitals; energy rises with distance from the nucleus and max electrons per level are 2, 8, 18.
Explore the shapes of s and p orbitals, their three-dimensional probability regions, hourglass p-orbital shapes along x, y, and z axes, and energy levels within a shell.
Learn how to determine electron configuration using orbital capacities, fill orbitals in order of increasing energy, and apply shorthand notation for atoms and ions with two electrons in s orbitals.
Explore first ionisation energy, the energy to remove one electron from a gaseous atom, and how nuclear charge, distance of outer electrons from the nucleus, and shielding influence it.
Explore ionisation energy trends: it rises across a period as atomic radius decreases and nuclear attraction strengthens, and falls down a group as outer electrons sit farther from the nucleus.
The purpose of this course is to help those students in understanding AS Level Chemistry and is especially designed for those students preparing for International Cambridge AS Level Chemistry Examinations. The code this course follows is 9701.
This course will follow the Cambridge International AS Level syllabus, In this course, everything will be explained in detail step by step, so students can easily understand about the first part of the syllabus that is Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry.
This course will consist of the following learning outcomes:
2.1- Particles in the atom- students will learn the composition of an atom. They will also learn about the relative charge and masses of protons, neutrons and electrons. The behavior of a beam of protons, neutrons and electrons when passing through an electric field will also be explained.
2.2- The nucleus of the atom- Definition of isotopes will be explained.
2.3- Energy level and subshells- what are different types of quantum energy subshells ( s, p and d), and energy levels of this subshells will be explained.
2.3- Shape of orbitals- shape of s and p orbitals will be explained.
2.3- Electronic configuration- in this topic students will be explained how to write electronic configuration of a given element when asked in the examination.
2.3- First ionisation energy and the factors affecting them: here first ionisation energy will be explained briefly and also the factors that affect them too.
2.3- Ionisation energy trends across a period and down a group- reasons why ionisation energy increases across a period and decreases down a group will be explained.